Elderson, who is to succeed Yves Mersch after his 8-year term at the ECB ends I December, was put forward by euro zone finance ministers and is to be formally appointed by EU leaders next month.
Deputies voted 33 to 21 with 3 abstentions in favour of the Dutchman. A vote in the plenary session of the parliament will be held later in November.
(Reporting by Jan Strupczewski)